1994年考研英语写作题型的分析和范文举例—On Making Friends
原题：
Section V Writing
Directions:
[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS
[B] Time limit: 40 minutes
[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”
[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) OUTLINE:
1. The need for friends
2. True friendship
3. My principle in making friends
解析：
Part ⅣWriting (15 points)
一、审题
本文题目是我们较为常见的关于交友的议论文。虽然关于友谊的文章很多，但要结构清晰仍需要解析友谊的真正内涵，指出友谊就是彼此帮助，互相促进学习。
二、谋篇
本文应按提纲所示分为三段：第一段为朋友的重要性。第二段解释友谊的含义。第三段说明自己的择友观。本文虽条理比较明了，但应注意呼应。
三、写作误区
1.跑题：本文虽与友谊有关，但不是单纯赞扬友谊的。有的考生忽略了“交友”，而把笔墨浪费在赞扬友谊的珍贵上，因此被扣分也在情理之中。
2.谋篇：本文应以说明议论为主，如果过多地举例描写，又无适当回扣主题，就会出现结构上的偏差，或者字数过多。
四、范文
评分标准1
15~13分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。
Sample 1 (14 points)
On Making Friends
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend and the fact has been self-evident. Without the help of honest friends, we can hardly get over the difficulties and hardships we come across. Moreover, having no friends also means that there is nobody in the world with whom we can share our joy and sorrow. Thus loneliness is the only ting left for us. So making friends is a very indispensable part in our life.
But not all who are friendly to each other and enjoy each other’s company, in the social gatherings can be called true friends. Based on mutual understanding instead of on mutual benefit, true friendship must be sincere and unconditional. It consists in sincerity, mutual trust, and self-sacrifice, both in times of happiness and at moments of crisis. A true friend does not just tell us what we want to hear but will do what he thinks is best for us in the long run. False friendship, however, will flatter us when we are crowned with success while desert us when we are in deep waters. Therefore, true friendship is to make people help each other and learn from each other.
My principle in making friendsis to make as many good friends as possible. So when I make a friend, I first of all make sure whether he is honest or wicked. As long as he is honest and sincere, I know that I find another a company in the way of improving.
例文分析
1．提纲
（1）论证并得出结论：朋友为生活中不可缺少的一别分；
（2）朋友的真正含义：真诚，互助互勉；
（3）交友之道：真心，真诚。
2．论点与谋篇
本文以提纲为依据，层次清晰。首段采用先解释首句，而后自然引出论题——交友的方式，内容自然流畅。第二段的优点在于以总—分—总的方法写作，并采用正反论证，条理清晰。第三段直接点明交友之道。
3．连贯性
本文连词使用广泛，比如：第二段末Therefore这一连词的应用，起到收尾的作用，自然引出该段的结论，使行文连贯。倒数第二句中while的使用，使句子前后既形成了鲜明的对比，又过渡自然。又如第三段的so使句子间因果关系更为明了，as long as顺接上文，并再次强调中心。
4．句式及用词
句式变化多样是本文另一特点，在文中已标出。
评分标准2
12~10分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。
Sample 2 (10 points)
On Making Friends
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. We need friends to share our happiness and sad. We go to friends for help when we are in trouble. We consult with friends if there are problems we cannot handle alone. In a sense, friends are often more important to us than relatives.
As the proverb goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. True friend means when you are in good condition, they are happy for you, and hope you could be better. When you are in trouble, they help you without complain. Also, they should treat you sincerely and not cheat you.
When I choose friends, I do not care what work they do or where they are from, but I care those little things which shows one’s characters. I would make sure that we really care for each other. Sometimes we cannot see each other often. But I know my friends will always be there, ready to help if I need them. And I know we are true friends indeed.
例文分析
1．论点与谋篇
题目的中心得到贯穿。结尾ready to help if I need them与we are true friends indeed既呼应全文，又暗指谚语a friend in need is a friend indeed，语意准确。
2．连贯性与用词
第二段的人称与其他段不一致，如能相同，语意更连贯。使用了一定的连词。短文中用词有一些错误，如：典型错误：动词complain的名词形式为complaint。