英语沙塔·国家地理精读·21世纪将是中医的黄金时期

本文节选自《国家地理》杂志2019.01月刊中，对中医长篇报道中的一小部分。

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Fewsubjectsignitemoreheated debateinhealth circlesthan traditional Chinese medicine. It’sfurther complicated bythe work of researchers like Iaizzo and many others who are looking at traditional curesthrough the lens ofcutting-edgescience and finding some interesting surprises—surprises that could haveprofound impactson modern medicine. Cultures from the Arctic to the Amazon and Siberia to the South Pacific have developed their ownmedicine chestsof traditional cures. But China, with one of the oldest continuous accumulations of documented medical observations, offers the biggesttrovefor scientists tosift through

Few：很少，几乎没有（形容可数名词）little（形容不可数名词）ignite heated debate：引起激烈的争论【写作推荐】in health circles：健康领域。其他例如：in sports circles在体育圈内It’s further complicated by：受……影响而更加复杂【写作推荐】句型through the lens of：通过观察或研究……【写作推荐】cutting-edge：前沿的，最前端的profound impacts：深远的影响【写作推荐】词汇medicine chests：药箱trove：等同于treasure-trove，宝藏sift through：过滤，筛选。这里形象地说明科学家在中医宝库中，取其精华去其糟粕地不断探索。【写作推荐】词汇。取其精华去其糟粕地不断探索在健康领域中，很少有话题能比中医引起的争论更激烈。随着Iaizzo和其他一些研究者在传统医疗领域研究的深入，运用现代尖端科学技术，他们有了一些有趣的意外发现，这使得针对中医的争论变得更加复杂。这些惊喜的发现可能会对现代医学产生深远的影响。从北极到亚马孙，从西伯利亚到南太平洋，许多文化都发展了自己的传统疗法。但中国，拥有连续的医学观察记录的古老文化之一，为科学家们深入发掘探索提供了最大的宝藏

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Traditional medicine remainedthe primary form ofhealth care in China until the early 20thcentury, when the last Qing emperor was overthrown bySun Yat-sen, a Western-trained doctor who promoted science-based medicine. Today Chinese physicians aretrained and licensedaccording tostate-of-the-artmedical practices. Yet traditional medicine remainsa vibrant partof the state health care system. Most Chinese hospitals have a warddevoted toancient cures.Citingtraditional medicine’s potential to lower costs andyieldinnovative treatments,not to mention raise China’s prestige, President Xi Jinping has made it a key part of the country’s health policy. He has called the 21st century a newgolden agefor traditional medicine.

the primary form of：是……的主要的形式Sun Yat-sen：孙逸仙，即孙中山，号逸仙trained and licensed：受到培训并被认证state-of-the-art：最新型的，技术最先进的a vibrant part：充满活力的一部分devoted to：贡献给。原句应该是a ward（which was）devoted to ancient cures一个用于进行传统疗法的病房【写作推荐】词汇Citing：援引，引用yield：提供，出产not to mention：更不用说raise China’s prestige：提升中国的威望。【写作推荐】词汇，raise one’s prestige提升某人的声望golden age：黄金时期直到20世纪早期，中医都是中国医疗的主要形式，直至孙中山——这个受过西方教育，提倡以科学为基础的医学的医生，推翻清朝统治后才改变。现在，医生根据最新的医疗操作标准被培训并认证，但传统医学仍是国家保健系统活跃的一部分，大多数中国医院都有专供进行传统疗法的病房。援引中医降低费用的潜力以及能提供新型的治疗方法这些事例，更不用说中医能提高中国的声望，习近平主席将中医作为中国健康政策的重要部分，他将21世纪称为中医的黄金时期。

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Butthe practice ofmelding the modern with the traditional is also spreading among healthcare consumers. When they don’tfind relief fromWestern medicine, Americans increasingly areturning totraditional treatments,notablyacupuncture, which is now covered by some health insurance plans, and cupping, a muscle therapy that involves suction andis endorsed bymany professional athletes. The internet hasfosteredthe growth in herbal remedies, which are often cheaper than doctor-prescribedpharmaceuticals. A patient can read about a traditional remedy online,orderthe herbs on Amazon, and watch YouTube videos on how to prepare them at home. The result is a growing alternative health sector, which in 2017sawU.S.herbal supplementsalestopeight billion dollars,a 68 percent increase since2008.

the practice of：对……的实践。The practice of this principle works very well.对这个理论的实践进行得非常好find relief from：从……中获得缓解之法【写作推荐】词汇turning to：turn to向……寻求帮助，求助于。由上一条可互参【写作推荐】词汇notably：especially《小猪佩奇》篇中提到过：notably by puzzling out the toddler’s request for a Peppa-themed giftis endorsed by：受到……的认可、支持【写作推荐】词汇foster：养育，还有鼓励，促进，助长的意思，foster the growth in sth促进了某物的成长【写作推荐】词汇pharmaceuticals：药物order sth：订购，订货saw：（不用进行时）see见证see为……发生的地点。The stadium has seen many thrilling football games.这座体育馆里举办过许多激动人心的足球比赛。【写作推荐】词汇herbal supplement：草药补充品top：超出，多过。just over是稍稍超过的意思a 68 percent increase since：增长了68%。之前的文章中可以有这样的表达：up 68% since 2008【写作推荐】数字表达合并现代医学和传统医学这一实践也扩散到了医疗保健消费者之中。当西药无法缓解美国人的痛苦时，他们越来越多地求助于传统医疗方法，尤其是针灸，而针灸已被包含在一些健康保健计划之中。还有拔罐，一种包含了抽吸法的肌肉理疗，受到很多职业运动员的认可。网络促进了草药疗法的发展，这种疗法通常比医生的处方药更加便宜。病人可以在网上阅读传统疗法的内容，然后在亚马逊上订购药物，通过观看视频学习如何在家里处理这些药物。这一发展的结果是产生了越来越多的医疗部门，他们也见证了美国2017年草药补助品的销售额超过80亿，自2008年增长了68%

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You’ll also find doctors whodenouncetraditional Chinese medicine as pseudoscience andquackery, pointing to some of its mostoutlandish claims, like the ancient practice of prescribing firecrackers to chase away demons, or mysterious concepts stillembraced, such as anebulouslife force called qi. Othersrailagainst its use of animal parts andwarn againstthe potential dangers of its herbal formulas.

denounce：谴责，斥责，denounce A as pseudoscience，批评A是伪科学,pseudo-，“伪”的前缀【写作推荐】词汇quackery：江湖医术，庸医骗术outlandish：古怪的近义词还有erratic, eccentricclaims：结论，说法，主张【写作推荐】词汇。之前小黄车文章中有提到be claimed by，意为合法拥有，认领。embrace sth：信奉（宗教、信仰等）【地道表达】nebulous：星云的，模糊的rail：责骂，怒斥rail against强烈斥责某种行为【写作推荐】词汇warn against：告诫提防，警告不要【写作推荐】词汇你也会发现那些批评中医是伪科学和江湖骗术的医生，指出中医的一些最古怪的说法，比如古代用鞭炮驱除魔鬼来治病，或者一些仍被信奉的神秘概念，例如被称作气的生命力。其他人强烈斥责中医使用动物身体的一部分作为中药，并告诫人们小心中药配方的潜在危险。

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Such criticisms aren’twithout merit. Rhino hornsalesin Asia are a primary factor pushing rhino populations toward extinction.In addition tobears, many other animals—including severalthreatened speciessuch as tigers, leopards, and elephants—arepoachedin the wild or farmed for their parts.

without merit：毫无道理，显得无力sales：交易。除了销售额还有交易，出售的意思In addition to：加之，除……之外threatened species：濒危物种，也可以表达为endangered speciespoached：poach偷猎这些批评并不是没有道理的。犀牛角在亚洲的交易是使犀牛数量迫近灭绝的主要因素。除了熊，还有其他动物，包括一些濒临灭绝的物种，比如老虎，豹和大象，他们在野外受到偷猎，或以获得其身体的一部分为目的进行养殖。

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But modern medicine has its owncontroversial practices. The effectiveness of many popular antidepressant drugs remains hotly debated, with some studies showing they arebarelymore effective than placebos. Yet these drugs areextensivelymarketed andwidelyprescribed by physicians, generating billions of dollars in revenue. (This isn’t to say depression drugs don’t work. If a patient’s symptoms are relieved, then one can argue they work. But the chemicals in the pills themselves may not alwaysbe the source ofthe relief, just like the chemicals in rhino horn aren’t necessarily the source of relief for patients who take it.)

controversial practices：有争议的做法barely：仅仅extensively, widely：大量地,广泛地be the source of：是……的来源。这里即是……的原因但现代医学其自身也有存在争议的地方。很多大众常用的抗抑郁药的效果仍饱受争议，一些研究表明他们仅仅比安慰剂的效果稍微好一点。然而这些药物被大量地在市场上推广，而医生也经常将它们作为处方药开给病人，这产生了数十亿美元的利润。（这并不是说抑郁药物没什么作用。如果一个病人的症状得到了缓解，那他可以说这些药物是有用的。但起作用的并不一定都是药物里的化学成分，就像犀牛角里的化学物质也并不必须是病情缓解的原因）。

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At a clinic in Beckley, West Virginia, Jeff Hendricksreceivesacupuncture and a plant-burning technique called moxibustion to ease pain related to four years ofmilitary service. Hesuffers froma brain injury,bulging disks in his neck,bone spurs, headaches, numbness in his hands, and PTSD. TheVA-approved treatment reduces the need for conventional drugs.

Receives：接受治疗military service：兵役suffers from：患有【地道表达】也可以简单地说He has a brain injury……bulging disk：椎间盘突出bone spurs：骨刺VA：退伍军人管理局Veterans’ Administration在西弗吉尼亚州贝克利的一家诊所中，杰夫亨德里克斯接受针灸以及艾灸治疗（一种燃烧植物的技术），以减少四年服兵役受到的损伤。他患有脑损伤、颈椎间盘突出、骨刺、双手麻痹以及创伤后应激障碍。退伍军人管理局批准的这些治疗手段减少了伤员对传统药物的需求

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总结

ignite heated debate：引起激烈的争论【写作推荐】It’s further complicated by：受……影响而更加复杂【写作推荐】句型through the lens of：通过观察或研究……【写作推荐】profound impacts：深远的影响【写作推荐】词汇sift through：过滤，筛选。这里形象地说明科学家在中医宝库中，取其精华去其糟粕地不断探索。【写作推荐】词汇。取其精华去其糟粕地不断探索devoted to：贡献给。原句应该是a ward（which was）devoted to ancient cures一个用于进行传统疗法的病房【写作推荐】词汇raise China’s prestige：提升中国的威望。【写作推荐】词汇，raise one’s prestige提升某人的声望find relief from：从……中获得缓解之法【写作推荐】词汇turning to：turn to向……寻求帮助，求助于。由上一条可互参【写作推荐】词汇is endorsed by：受到……的认可、支持【写作推荐】词汇foster：养育，还有鼓励，促进，助长的意思，foster the growth in sth促进了某物的成长【写作推荐】词汇saw：（不用进行时）see见证see为……发生的地点。The stadium has seen many thrilling football games.这座体育馆里举办过许多激动人心的足球比赛。【写作推荐】词汇a 68 percent increase since：增长了68%。之前的文章中可以有这样的表达：up 68% since 2008【写作推荐】数字表达claims：结论，说法，主张【写作推荐】词汇。之前小黄车文章中有提到be claimed by，意为合法拥有，认领。embrace sth：信奉（宗教、信仰等）【地道表达】rail：责骂，怒斥rail against强烈斥责某种行为【写作推荐】词汇denounce：谴责，斥责，denounce A as pseudoscience，批评A是伪科学pseudo-，“伪”的前缀【写作推荐】词汇warn against：告诫提防，警告不要【写作推荐】词汇suffers from：患有【地道表达】也可以简单地说He has a brain injury……