托福阅读细节题如何定位

细节题是我们托福阅读的十大题型之一，也是涉及题量最多的题型，同时也可能是同学们最熟悉的题型之一，因为从小到大的英文考试可能都会涉及到此题型。那具体怎么做呢？

我想大多数同学拿到题目后，是知道要去根据题干中问法，拿题干中信号词去回原文查找相关信息的。如果能够用题干中原词定位，其实难度不大。那么今天给大家介绍，题干信号词在原文中发生变化时，我们如何操作。

首先，题干中信号词可能会发生何种形式的变化呢？常见的有：

1.同根词：difficult vs. difficulty

2.上下义词：winter condition vs. snow

3.反义词：cause vs. as a result

4.同义替换：main difficulty vs. chief problem

举个例子：

Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed to account for the emergence of farming. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.

According to paragraph 3, the abundance of resources fluctuated sharply after the end of the glacial period because

O locally abundant resources were quickly exhausted by hunter-gatherers

O the temperature became much higher in some areas over others

O different types of plants and animals became available as the climate changed

O the amount of rainfall varied radically from one period to the next

解析：题干中信号词the abundance of resources fluctuated sharply在原文中没有直接出现。有的同学找到第二话末尾…due to the abundance of resources，那么定位就找错了，那里只说到由于大量资源造成的是人口的上升，并不能回答到题干“资源急剧波动的原因”。也有同学找到第三句开头fluctuations in the climatic conditions…但这里同样没回答到，只是出现了fluctuations而已，而且还是气候的波动。

准确的定位应该在最后the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely这里，the availability of plants and animals是the abundance of resources的下义词，oscillated brusquely是fluctuated sharply的同义替换。题干问because，最后一句说so that…，那么明显原因是前半句，我们再精读前半句，能得到原因是伴随着干湿交替的气候波动。这样再去对应选项，同义替换得到D。

如果没看出这些替换方式，这题会选到其他三个错误选项的估计大有人在。同义替换是我们阅读单项的最大考点，希望大家都能好好练习哟～