奥巴马对美国毕业生的2场演讲 指责川普不负责任（视频+演讲稿）
套用中国网络新流行语，美国社交媒体最火的两场演讲，是美国版的“前浪”致辞“后浪”。当地时间16日，美国前总统奥巴马在两场在线毕业典礼上发表讲话，称新冠大流行暴露出美国政府缺乏领导能力。
奥巴马在给美国传统黑人大学毕业生毕业寄语时，批评现政府的抗疫不力。他表示，疫情给黑人社区带来了不成比例的影响，凸显了黑人社区长期存在的不平等问题，而这次疫情也让“政府官员知道自己在做什么”的幻想破灭了，“他们甚至连假装负责都做不到”。
而在全美高中生的线上毕业演讲中，奥巴马给高中生提出了三点建议：不要畏惧，做自己认为正确的事，组建自己的社群。和当天针对黑人大学的毕业演说有些类似，但对大统领黑的更猛了。
奥巴马给HBCUs线上毕业演讲+奥巴马的全美高中生毕业演讲
16:01奥巴马的第一个演讲是在美东时间5月16日下午2点，向来自78所传统黑人大学的27,000多名毕业生的仪式上进行。
这个为时两个小时的虚拟典礼由凯文·哈特（Kevin Hart）主持，将有数十名杰出的非裔美国运动员，政客和演艺人员参加。
第二场是在东部时间晚上8点，奥巴马开始在各大电视网黄金时段向全国高中毕业生的特别节目中发表讲话。
勒布朗·詹姆斯（LeBron James）基金会和慈善组织娱乐产业基金会合作，与学校合作的智囊团XQ Institute举办这个名为《一起毕业：2020年高中毕业生》的活动。
02奥巴马HBCUs毕业演讲
Hi, everybody. Congratulations to HBCU class of 2020. Michelle and I are so proud of you.
Graduating from college is a big achievement under any circumstances. And so many of you overcame a lot to get here. You navigated challenging classes, and challenges outside the classroom. Many of you had to stretch to afford tuition. And some of you are the first in your families to reach this milestone.
So even if half of this semester was spent at Zoom University, you’ve earned this moment. You should be very proud. Everybody who supported you along the way is proud of you – parents, grandparents, professors, mentors, aunties, uncles, brothers, sisters, cousins, second cousins, and cousins who you aren’t even sure are cousins. Show them some gratitude today.
Now look, I know this isn’t the commencement any of you really imagined. Because while our HBCUs are mostly known for an education rooted in academic rigor, community, and higher purpose – they also know how to turn up.
Nobody shines quite like a senior on the yard in springtime. Springfest at schools like Howard and Morehouse is the time when you get to strut your stuff a little bit. And I know that in normal times, rivals like Grambling and Southern, Jackson State and Tennessee State, might raise some eyebrows at sharing a graduation ceremony.
But these aren’t normal times. You’re being asked to find your way in the world in the middle of a devastating pandemic and terrible recession. The timing is not ideal. And let’s be honest – a disease like this just spotlights the underlying inequalities and extra burdens that black communities have historically had to deal with in this country.
We see it in the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on our communities, just as we see it when a black man goes for a jog, and some folks feel like they can stop and question and shoot him if he doesn’t submit to their questioning.
Injustice like this isn’t new. What is new is that so much of your generation has woken up to the fact that the status quo needs fixing; that the old ways of doing things don’t work; that it doesn’t matter how much money you make if everyone around you is hungry and sick; and that our society and democracy only works when we think not just about ourselves, but about each other.
More than anything, this pandemic has fully, finally torn back the curtain on the idea that the folks in charge know what they’re doing. A lot of them aren’t even pretending to be in charge.
If the world’s going to get better, it’s going to be up to you. With everything suddenly feeling like up for grabs, this is your time to seize the initiative. Nobody can tell you anymore that you should be waiting your turn. Nobody can tell you anymore “this is how it’s always been done.” More than ever, this is your moment – your generation’s world to shape.
In taking on this responsibility, I hope you are bold. I hope you have a vision that isn’t clouded by cynicism or fear. As young African Americans, you’ve been exposed, earlier than some, to the world as it is. But as young HBCU grads, your education has also shown you the world as it ought to be.
Many of you could have attended any school in this country. But you chose an HBCU – specifically because it would help you sow seeds of change.
You chose to follow in the fearless footsteps of people who shook the system to its core – civil rights icons like Thurgood Marshall and Dr. King, storytellers like Toni Morrison and Spike Lee. You chose to study medicine at Meharry, and engineering at NC A&T, because you want to lead and serve.
And I’m here to tell you that you made a good choice. Whether you realize it or not, you’ve got more roadmaps, more role models, and more resources than the civil rights generation did. You’ve got more tools, technology, and talents than my generation did. No generation has been better positioned to be warriors for justice and remake the world.
Now, I’m not going to tell you what to do with all that power that’s in your hands. Many of you are already using it so well to create change. But let me offer three pieces of advice as you continue on your journey.
First, make sure you ground yourself in actual communities with real people – working at the grassroots level.
The fight for equality and justice begins with awareness, empathy, passion, even righteous anger.
Don’t just activate yourself online. Change requires strategy, action, organizing, marching, and voting in the real world like never before. No one is better positioned than this class of graduates to take that activism to the next level.
And from tackling health disparities to fighting for criminal justice and voting rights, so many of you are already doing this. Keep on going.
Second, you can’t do it alone. Meaningful change requires allies in common cause. As African Americans, we are particularly attuned to injustice, inequality, and struggle.
But that also should make us more alive to the experiences of others who’ve been left out and discriminated against. So rather than say what’s in it for me or what’s in it for my community and to heck with everyone else, stand up for and join up with everyone who’s struggling – whether immigrants, refugees, the rural poor,
the LGBTQ community, low-income workers of every background, women who so often are subject to their own discrimination and burdens and not getting equal pay for equal work;
look out for folks whether they are white or black or Asian or Latino or Native American.
As Fannie Lou Hamer once said, “nobody’s free until everybody’s free.” And on the big unfinished goals in this country, like economic and environmental justice and health care for everybody, broad majorities agree on the ends.
That’s why folks with power will keep trying to divide you over the means. Because that’s how nothing changes. You get a system that looks out for the rich and powerful and nobody else. So expand your moral imaginations, build bridges, and grow your allies in the process of bringing about a better world.
Finally, as HBCU graduates, you have to remember that you are inheritors of one of America’s proudest traditions. Which means you’re all role models now – whether you like it or not. Your participation in this democracy, your courage to stand up for what’s right, your willingness to forge coalitions – these actions will speak volumes.
And if you are inactive, that will also speak volumes. Not just to the young folks coming up behind you – but to your parents, your peers, and the rest of the country. They need to see your leadership – you’re the folks we’ve been waiting for to come along.
That’s the power you hold. The power to shine brightly for justice, for equality, and for joy. You’ve earned your degree. And it’s up to you to use it. So many of us believe in you. I’m so proud of you. And as you set out to change the world, we’ll be the wind at your back.
Congratulations Class of 2020, and God bless you all.
大家好。Aniyah，感谢您的精彩介绍。我为您在奥巴马基金会期间所做的一切感到自豪。
当然，对即将毕业的2020级，我不能为你们所有人感到更骄傲，你们的老师、教练、以及最重要的是引导你前进的父母和家人都为你们感到骄傲。
在任何情况下，毕业都是一项重大成就。你们当中有些人必须克服各种严重的障碍，无论是生病，父母失去工作，还是住在人们经常把你拒之门外的社区中。除了成长过程中常见的挑战，你们所有人都必须应对社交媒体带来的更大压力、学校枪击事件的报道、以及气候变化的阴影。然后，就像你即将庆祝成功一样，就像你一直期待着毕业舞会和典礼，说实话还有一堆派对，而现在受到全球大流行性病影响整个世界都处于颠覆状态。而且，我当然肯定，你们爱父母，但我敢打赌，与父母呆在一起，玩棋盘游戏或在电视上看Tiger King并不是你们对毕业前最后几个月的预期。
现在，我对您说实话，缺少现场毕业典礼的失望，这些很快就会过去。我不太记得自己高中毕业的时候。我知道不必坐在那里听演讲，这不是很糟糕-我的经历是演讲通常会持续太久。而且，并不是很多人都喜欢这些帽子，特别是如果你有像我这样的大耳朵。一旦迫在眉睫的公共卫生危机结束，你们将有足够的时间与朋友保持联系。
但是，真正的事实是，毕业标志着你们进入成年，这是你们开始掌控自己的生活的时刻。当你们决定对自己重要的事情时：你们想要从事的职业。你们想与谁建立家庭。你们想赖以生存的价值观。鉴于目前的世界状况，这可能有点吓人。
如果你们打算去上大学，那么秋天就到校园里上学，这已不再是一定的了。如果你们打算在上学时工作，那么找到第一份工作将变得更加艰难。即使是相对富裕的家庭也面临着巨大的不确定性。那些曾经在挣扎中的人们，他们更困难。
所有这些意味着你们将必须比某些世代成长更快。这种大流行病动摇了现状，暴露出我国许多深层次的问题，从严重的经济不平等、持续的种族差距、到缺乏为需要它的人提供基本医疗服务。许多年轻人意识到，旧的做事方式行不通;如果周围的每个人都饥饿、生病，那你赚多少钱都没有意义;而且我们的社会和民主，只有在我们不仅思考自己，而且思考彼此时，才能发挥作用。
这也揭开了另一个真相，这是一旦我们的童年结束，所有人都必须最终接受的。你们曾经认为的所有那些成年人，都在承担责任，并且知道他们在做什么。事实证明他们并没有所有答案。他们中的许多人甚至都没有在问正确的问题。因此，如果世界会变得更好，那将取决于你们。
这种认识可能有点吓人。但我希望它也能激发灵感。面对这个国家目前面临的所有挑战，没有人能告诉您“不，您太年轻了，无法理解”或“一直以来就是这么办的。”因为存在如此多的不确定性，突然之间所有事情都可以做，这就是你们这一代人的世界。
由于我是老家伙之一，因此我不会告诉你们如何处理这种掌握在你们手中的力量。但是，我给你们提供三个简单的建议。
首先，不要害怕。美国经历了艰难的时期，奴隶制、内战、饥荒、疾病、大萧条和9/11。每次我们变得更加强大时，通常是因为新一代的年轻人，像你们一样，从过去的错误中吸取教训，并弄清楚了如何使事情变得更好。
第二，做你认为正确的事。做感觉好、方便、容易的事情-那就是小孩子的想法。不幸的是，许多所谓的成年人，包括一些拥有高级头衔和重要工作的成年人，仍然以这种方式思考，这就是事情如此混乱的原因。
我希望相反，你们决定以持久的价值观为基础，例如诚实、勤奋、责任、公平、慷慨、尊重他人。你们不会每次都做对，你们会像我们所有人一样犯错误。但是，如果你们倾听自己内心的真相，即使很难，即使不便，人们也会注意到。他们会被你们吸引。你们将成为解决方案的一部分，而不是问题的一部分。
最后，建立一个社区。没有人独自做大事。现在，当人们感到害怕时，很容易产生愤世嫉俗的声音，说出：让我只为自己、家人，或跟我看起来、思考或信仰与我相似的人。但是，如果我们要度过这些困难的时期，如果我们要创造一个每个人都有机会找到工作、并负担大学学费的世界;如果我们要保护环境、并战胜未来的流行病，那么我们将不得不一起做。因此，要为彼此的斗争而活着。捍卫彼此的权利。抛弃所有使我们分裂的旧思维方式-性别歧视，种族偏见，地位，贪婪-并使世界走上一条不同的道路。
当你们需要帮助时，我和米歇尔已将基金会的使命，赋予了像你们这样的年轻人，以技能和支持来领导自己的社区，并使你们与全国和全球的其他青年领袖建立联系。
但事实是，他们不需要我们告诉他们该怎么做。
因为在很多方面，他们已经开始发挥领导作用。
恭喜，2020级。继续让我们感到骄傲。
奥巴马的全美高中生毕业演讲
Hi, everybody. Aniyah, thank you for that beautiful introduction. I could not be prouder of everything you’ve done in your time with the Obama Foundation.
And of course, I couldn’t be prouder of all of you in the graduating Class of 2020 – as well as the teachers, coaches, and most of all, parents and family who guided have you along the way.
Now graduating is a big achievement under any circumstances. Some of you have had to overcome serious obstacles along the way, whether it was an illness, or a parent losing a job, or living in a neighborhood where people too often count you out.
Along with the usual challenges of growing up, all of you have had to deal with the added pressures of social media, reports of school shootings, and the specter of climate change.
And then, just as you’re about to celebrate having made it through, just as you’ve been looking forward to proms and senior nights, graduation ceremonies – and, let’s face it, a whole bunch of parties – the world is turned upside down by a global pandemic.
And as much as I’m sure you love your parents, I’ll bet that being stuck at home with them and playing board games or watching Tiger King on TV is not exactly how you envisioned the last few months of your senior year.
Now I’ll be honest with you – the disappointments of missing a live graduation – those will pass pretty quick. I don’t remember much from my own high school graduation.
I know that not having to sit there and listen to a commencement speaker isn’t all bad – mine usually go on way too long. Also, not that many people look great in those caps, especially if you have big ears like me.
And you’ll have a chance to catch up with your friends once the immediate public health crisis is over.
But what remains true is that your graduation marks your passage into adulthood – the time when you begin to take charge of your own life. It’s when you get to decide what’s important to you: the kind of career you want to pursue. Who you want to build a family with. The values you want to live by. And given the current state of the world, that may be kind of scary.
If you’d planned on going away for college, getting dropped off at campus in the fall – that’s no longer a given. If you were planning to work while going to school, finding that first job is going to be tougher. Even families that are relatively well-off are dealing with massive uncertainty. Those who were struggling before – they’re hanging on by a thread.
All of which means that you’re going to have to grow up faster than some generations. This pandemic has shaken up the status quo and laid bare a lot of our country’s deep-seated problems – from massive economic inequality to on-going racial disparities to a lack of basic health care for people who need it.
It’s woken a lot of young people to the fact that the old ways of doing things just don’t work; that it doesn’t matter how much money you make if everyone around you is hungry and sick; and that our society and our democracy only work when we think not just about ourselves, but about each other.
It’s also pulled the curtain back on another hard truth, something that we all have to eventually accept once our childhood comes to an end. All those adults that you used to think were in charge and knew what they were doing? It turns out that they don’t have all the answers. A lot of them aren’t even asking the right questions. So, if the world’s going to get better, it going to be up to you.
That realization may be kind of intimidating. But I hope it’s also inspiring. With all the challenges this country faces right now, nobody can tell you “no, you’re too young to understand” or “this is how it’s always been done.” Because with so much uncertainty, with everything suddenly up for grabs, this is your generation’s world to shape.
Since I’m one of the old guys, I won’t tell you what to do with this power that rests in your hands. But I’ll leave you with three quick pieces of advice.
First, don’t be afraid. America’s gone through tough times before – slavery and civil war, famine and disease, the Great Depression and 9/11. And each time we came out stronger, usually because a new generation, young people like you, learned from past mistakes and figured out how to make things better.
Second, do what you think is right. Doing what feels good, what’s convenient, what’s easy – that’s how little kids think. Unfortunately, a lot of so-called grown-ups, including some with fancy titles and important jobs, still think that way – which is why things are so screwed up.
I hope that instead, you decide to ground yourself in values that last, like honesty, hard work, responsibility, fairness, generosity, respect for others.
You won’t get it right every time, you’ll make mistakes like we all do. But if you listen to the truth that’s inside yourself, even when it’s hard, even when its inconvenient, people will notice. They’ll gravitate towards you. And you’ll be part of the solution instead of part of the problem.
And finally, build a community. No one does big things by themselves. Right now, when people are scared, it’s easy to be cynical and say let me just look out for myself, or my family, or people who look or think or pray like me.
But if we’re going to get through these difficult times; if we’re going to create a world where everybody has the opportunity to find a job, and afford college; if we’re going to save the environment and defeat future pandemics, then we’re going to have to do it together. So be alive to one another’s struggles. Stand up for one another’s rights.
Leave behind all the old ways of thinking that divide us – sexism, racial prejudice, status, greed – and set the world on a different path.
When you need help, Michelle and I have made it the mission of our Foundation to give young people like you the skills and support to lead in your own communities, and to connect you with other young leaders around the country and around the globe.
But the truth is that you don’t need us to tell you what to do.
Because in so many ways, you’ve already started to lead.
Congratulations, Class of 2020. Keep making us proud.
病毒的爆发和新的社会疏离规范打破了许多毕业传统——从走过舞台的仪式到扔毕业帽的仪式再到家人和朋友的庆祝活动 ——因此，当毕业生们进入一个充满不确定性、感染恐惧和经济不稳定的世界时，流行的政治领袖和名人纷纷介入，提供安抚人心的信息。
在这个没有传统毕业典礼的春季，美国前总统奥巴马借着“线上的毕业典礼演讲”，对特朗普发起了尖锐批评。
纽约时报报道，周六奥巴马在这场线上演讲中，敦促传统黑人大学的数千名毕业生“抓住主动权”，同时表示，美国领导人在应对新冠病毒疫情上行动不力。
奥巴马在网上演讲中说，“最重要的是，这场新冠大流行已经完全彻底地撕开了一种假象，即当权者知道自己在干什么。但实际上呢？实际他们中的很多人甚至连装着负责任都不愿意。”
这是奥巴马在疫情爆发期间向全国听众发表的少数公开演讲之一，他说，领导力的缺位给毕业生们带来了明确的目标。
他说：“如果世界要变好，就得靠你们自己。”
虽然这番讲话被称为毕业典礼演讲，但明眼人都能看出，它不止面向毕业生，也是为了安抚因特朗普而分裂的美国公众。这位前总统还利用这个机会，试图在大选年团结全国人民，支持民主党历来倡导的价值观，比如全民医保、环境和经济正义。
自三年前卸任以来，奥巴马一般都避免公开批评特朗普。但他对政府疫情应对忍无可忍的抨击，可能会进一步加剧他们这两位前后任之间的紧张关系。
上周，奥巴马先生在一个私人电话里向曾为他工作过的数千名支持者表示，现任政府对大流行病的应对措施是 “贫弱不堪”。
“即使有最好的政府，面对这样的疫情也会很棘手。”奥巴马在电话中说，“当人们被固定思维控制——不管这个思维是‘这里头有我什么事’，或者‘跟其他人一起去见鬼’——在我们的政府中盛行时，就绝对会制造混乱的灾难。”
最近几天，特朗普在推特上和电视上不遗余力地抨击奥巴马。他声称的前任试图通过制造俄罗斯调查来打倒他，尽管此事纯属旧事重提、毫无根据。
奥巴马的这场讲话，针对的直接观众是美国78所历史悠久的黑人高校里即将毕业的2.7万余名学生，是前总统要在周六做的两场开学典礼演讲中的第一场。
所谓“传统黑人大学（HBCUs）”，指的是在1964年前成立的，专门面向黑人而设的高等教育机构。目前全美国有105所，大部分都位于南北战争之前的蓄奴州。其中既有公立大学也有私立大学。
同一个周六，奥巴马还将在美国东部时间晚上8点，开始在各大电视网的黄金时段，在面向高中毕业生的特别节目中播出讲话。该活动名为 “一起毕业：2020年高中毕业典礼”。
第一场为时两小时的活动是一项传统，专为黑人学校举办的，名为“告诉我你如何前进 -黑人大学版”，在其企业赞助商摩根大通的社交媒体平台上播放。主持人是凯文哈特，还有数十名杰出的非裔美国运动员、政界人士和娱乐界人士，其中许多人都是黑人大学的毕业生。
奥巴马对毕业生（其中多数为黑人）们说，新冠病毒“只是突显了美国黑人社区本就存在、也早该解决的潜在不平等和额外负担”。
这种不平等不仅存在于公共卫生领域，而且“正如我们看到的，当一个黑人去慢跑时，有些人觉得如果他不服从他们的提问，他们就可以把他逼停下来问他问题，然后向他开枪，”他说。
奥巴马提到的是阿默德·阿贝里被杀一案。今年2月，25岁的阿默德·阿贝里在佐治亚州一个沿海社区跑步的过程被一对白人父子追逐，最后被枪杀。
随着全国各地的社区取消居家禁令，以及人们为了个人自由而激烈争论时，，奥巴马建议美国人需要“为别人想想”。
他鼓励毕业生与其他弱势群体一起，努力创造社会变革。
“如果你周围的人都饿了、病了，你赚了多少钱并不重要。”他说，“我们的社会和民主只有当我们不只为自己考虑，而是为彼此考虑时，才会发挥作用。”
21岁的阿里尔·特恩利在佛罗里达州劳德希尔的自家客厅里，和母亲及姨妈一起观看了自己在斯佩尔曼学院的线上毕业典礼。然后她调到奥巴马为黑人大学毕业生作的毕业演讲。
毕业于计算机科学专业的特恩利女士说：“我认为奥巴马总统说了许多人的感受，即当权者在这次大流行期间，没有尽其所能地利用手中的权力做最好的事情。”
她说，“我也很欣赏他谈及在这次大流行期间凸显的不公正。这不是我们想象中的毕业典礼，但我觉得他提供了我在这场危机中想要坚持的话语。”
22岁的埃丽卡布拉德停下手头上的收拾工作，去听奥巴马的演讲。她住在弗吉尼亚州汉普顿一所公寓里，本月早些时候，她从汉普顿大学毕业，获得了战略沟通学位，她希望能在9月份的毕业典礼上走上讲台。
布拉德说，奥巴马的建议中让她印象最深的是，“要成为你们这一代人的领袖，回馈社区，并与其他被剥夺权利的群体建立牢固的关系。”
奥巴马先生的演讲为许多毕业生提供了安慰，这些毕业生在社交疏离的规则里不得不放弃了他们期盼已久的许多毕业传统——从走过舞台的仪式到抛掷毕业帽到亲朋好友的庆祝活动。
因此，当毕业生进入一个由充满不确定性、害怕感染和经济不稳定所塑造的世界时，他们需要广受欢迎的政治领袖和名人提供支持，释放令他们安心的信息。
上周五，奥普拉温弗瑞在Facebook主持的毕业典礼视频演讲中敦促“疫情毕业班”重建一个更公平的社会。
奥巴马计划于6月6日与米歇尔一起，在YouTube主持的典礼上发表第三次在线毕业典礼演讲，这对夫妇收到了来自世界各地的几十个大学向毕业生发表演讲的请求，这些毕业生的个人典礼已经被取消。
在担任总统期间，奥巴马曾在汉普顿大学、霍华德大学和莫尔豪斯学院这三所历史悠久的黑人学校发表了毕业典礼演讲。
这位前总统与黑人传统大学团体有着复杂的关系。尽管在他执政的八年里，对这些机构的总体资助有所增加，但一些人抱怨说，他没有把它们放在优先位置，他的任期里反而削减和调整了助学金和其他贷款项目的支持力度，这让一些黑人大学学生的生活变得困难。
这一次，奥巴马说，黑人大学的毕业生是“美国最值得骄傲的传统之一的继承者”，他们需要行动起来。
他说：“不管你是否意识到，与民权一代相比，你们有了更多的路线图、更多的榜样和更多的资源，你们比我们这一代拥有更多的工具、技术和人才，没有哪一代人比你们更有能力成为伸张正义的斗士，重塑世界。”
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