考研英语常见修辞

考研英语常见修辞

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.。

例如:

1）He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen tohear him crow.

2）I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3）Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had justwalked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。

例如:

1）Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2）Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and somefew to be chewed and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的"事物名称。

I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1）The kettle boils. 水开了。

2）The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。

例如:

1）There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)

他的厂里约有100名工人。

2）He is the Newtonof this century.(特殊代一般)

他是本世纪的牛顿。

3）The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。